Paris attacks: A year of grief, anger and change
November
13 was just an ordinary day for Georges Salines: Work, a lunchtime swim with
his daughter Lola, watching the news on TV, and an early night. He had no idea,
until the phone rang, jolting him from his sleep, that his world was about to
change forever.
"I
went to bed ...
without knowing what was going on in the streets of
Paris," he recalls. "I was woken up by a phone call in the middle of
the night, from my eldest son, who knew that his sister was at the
Bataclan."
Lola,
29, had gone to a concert by US rock band the Eagles of Death Metal. Midway
through the show, ISIS-linked gunmen opened fire on the audience and detonated
suicide vests; 89 people were killed in the raid, one of a series of
coordinated attacks across Paris that left 130 people dead.
Unable
to reach her, the family spent hours trying to find out what had happened to
Lola, calling emergency help lines and hospitals, even the morgue, but nobody
could tell them if she was alive. Then the worst news, delivered in the worst
way: They discovered via social media that she had been killed.
"I
hope she didn't suffer or see her death coming," her father says.
The
months since have been filled with shock, grief and mourning -- for the
relatives of the dead, for those who survived, and for France as a whole: The
nation was left traumatized.
The
French government's response was to declare a state of emergency,
giving police additional powers to stop and search people, enforce house
arrests and prohibit mass gatherings.
Extra
police and troops have been on the streets of France since January 2015, when
terrorists attacked the offices of satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, killing
12 people: Armed officers now patrol outside tourist hot spots, schools,
government and religious buildings.
Operation
Sentinel has seen the mobilization of 10,000 soldiers to monitor and protect
more than 11,000 locations across the country -- 3,000 of them religious sites,
the rest a mixture of key infrastructure, industrial plants and
"symbolic" places around the country.
And
despite all the extra security on the streets, what happened in January and
November 2015 -- and other incidents that followed in 2016, in Nice, Rouen and
Magnanville -- have impacted the country's morale. Plaud says Paris itself was
left "in shock."
Anger
at these events has been linked to a steep rise in xenophobia; according to the
National Commission on Human Rights, or CCNDH, there were 429 reports of
attacks on, and threats against, Muslims in France in 2015 -- a rise of 223% on
the previous year.
This
"wave of aggression against Muslims" ranged from assaults on women
wearing the hijab to graffiti on places of worship and halal butcher shops. In
one incident, the door handle of a mosque was wrapped in bacon. The CCNDH says
the majority happened in January and November.
The
attacks have also damaged France's prized tourism industry: Almost 2 million
fewer visitors have come to the country over the past year -- international
arrivals are down 8.1% so far in 2016.
But
Plaud says the country has seen troubled times before, and is sure to bounce
back: "I am confident; in Parisian history there have been a lot of events
like that -- war, civil war. But Paris has always been able to recover."


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